Amazi yamakara

I. Ibintu bifatika nibikorwa

Amakara y-amakara ni ibishishwa bikozwe mu makara, amazi n’inyongeramusaruro nkeya. Dukurikije intego, amashanyarazi y’amakara agabanijwemo amavuta menshi y’amakara n’amazi y’amakara hamwe n’amazi y’amakara yo gutanura itanura rya Texaco. Amazi yamakara arashobora kuvomwa, atome, kubikwa no gutwikwa no gutwikwa muburyo buhamye. Toni zigera kuri 2 zamakara-amazi arashobora gusimbuza toni 1 yamavuta ya lisansi.

Amakara y’amazi yo gutwika umusaruro mwinshi mu gutwika cyane, kuzigama ingufu n’inyungu z’ibidukikije, igice kimwe cy’ikoranabuhanga ry’amakara meza. Amazi yamakara arashobora gutwarwa kure cyane nogutwara imiyoboro hamwe nishoramari rito hamwe nigiciro gito cyo gukora. Irashobora gutwikwa mu buryo butaziguye nta mazi afite nyuma yo kugera kuri terminal, kandi uburyo bwo kubika no gutwara ibintu burafunze.

Amazi azatera ubushyuhe kandi ntashobora kubyara ubushyuhe murwego rwo gutwikwa. Kubwibyo, kwibumbira hamwe kwamakara bigomba kugera kurwego rwo hejuru - 65 ~ 70% muri rusange. Imiti yiyongera ni 1%. Gutakaza ubushyuhe buterwa namazi bingana na 4% byagaciro ka calorificateur yamakara-amazi. Amazi ni byanze bikunze ibikoresho fatizo muri gaze. Dufatiye kuri iyi ngingo, amakara ashobora kugabanuka kugeza kuri 62% ~ 65%, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma umwuka wa ogisijeni wiyongera.

Mu rwego rwo koroshya gutwikwa na gaze, gutobora amazi-amakara bifite ibyo asabwa kugirango amakara meza. Umupaka wo hejuru wubunini bwubunini bwamakara-yamazi ya lisansi (ingano yingingo zingana na 98%) ni 300μm, naho ibirimo munsi ya 74 mm (mesh 200) ntabwo biri munsi ya 75%. Ubwiza bwamakara-yamazi yokoresha gazi ni make cyane ugereranije n’amazi y’amakara y’amavuta. Imipaka yo hejuru yubunini bwemewe yemerewe kugera kuri 1410 mm (mesh 14), naho ibiri munsi ya 74 mm (mesh 200) ni 32% kugeza 60%. Kugirango korohereza amazi yamakara byoroshye kuvoma no gutomora, amashanyarazi yamakara nayo afite ibisabwa kugirango amazi.

Ku bushyuhe bwicyumba nigipimo cyogosha cya 100s, ubusanzwe bigaragara neza birasabwa kuba bitarenze 1000-1500mPas. Amazi yamakara akoreshwa mugutwara intera ndende bisaba ubwiza bugaragara butarenze 800mPa · s munsi yubushyuhe buke (ubushyuhe buke bwumwaka kumiyoboro yashyinguwe munsi) hamwe nigipimo cya 10s-1. Byongeye kandi, birasabwa kandi ko amakara-yamazi yamakara afite ubukonje buke iyo ari mumigezi itemba, byoroshye gukoreshwa; iyo ihagaritse gutemba kandi iri muburyo buhagaze, irashobora kwerekana ububobere buke kububiko bworoshye.

Ihungabana ry’amazi y’amakara mu gihe cyo kubika no gutwara ni ngombwa cyane, kubera ko amakara y’amazi y’amakara ari uruvange rw’ibice bikomeye n’amazi, kandi biroroshye gutandukanya ibintu bikomeye n’amazi, bityo rero birasabwa ko nta "imvura igwa" itangwa mu gihe cyo kubika no gutwara. Ibyo bita "imvura igwa" bivuga imvura idashobora gusubizwa uko yari imeze mbere yo gukurura amakara-amazi. Ubushobozi bwamazi yamakara kugirango akomeze imikorere yo kudatanga imvura igwa byitwa "ituze" ryamazi yamakara. Amakara y’amazi hamwe n’umutekano muke bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku musaruro iyo imvura iguye mugihe cyo kubika no gutwara.

II. Incamake yamakara-Amazi yo Gutegura Ikoranabuhanga

Amazi yamakara arasaba ingufu nyinshi, ingano nziza, amazi meza, hamwe no guhagarara neza kugirango wirinde kugwa. Bizagorana guhura nibintu byose byavuzwe haruguru icyarimwe, kuberako bimwe muribi bibujijwe. Kurugero, kongera intumbero bizatera ubukonje kwiyongera no gutemba kwangirika. Amazi meza hamwe nubukonje buke bizatuma umutekano uba mubi. Kubwibyo, birakenewe gukurikirana intumbero mugihe nyacyo. UwitekaLonnmeter metero yubucucikeifite ubunyangamugayo bugera kuri 0.003 g / ml, ishobora kugera ku gupima neza ubucucike no kugenzura neza ubucucike bwa slurry.

1. Hitamo neza Amakara yimbuto yo gukuramo

Usibye kuba wujuje ibyifuzo byabakoresha hasi, ubwiza bwamakara yo kuvoma bugomba no kwitondera imiterere yabyo - ingorane zo gutemba. Amakara amwe aroroshye gukora amakara-y-amazi menshi mu bihe bisanzwe. Ku yandi makara, biragoye cyangwa bisaba inzira igoye yo guterura hamwe nigiciro cyinshi kugirango amakara-yamazi menshi. Ibikoresho byo kuvoma ibikoresho fatizo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku ishoramari, igiciro cy’umusaruro ndetse n’ubwiza bw’amazi y’amakara y’uruganda. Niyo mpamvu rero, amategeko y’umutungo w’amakara agomba gutegurwa, kandi amakara mbisi yo kuvoma agomba gutoranywa akurikije ibikenewe n’amahame y’ibikorwa bya tekiniki no gushyira mu gaciro mu bukungu.

2. Gutanga amanota

Amazi yamakara ntasaba gusa ingano yamakara kugirango agere kubwiza bwagenwe, ahubwo anasaba gukwirakwiza ingano nini yingirakamaro, kugirango ibice byamakara bifite ubunini butandukanye byuzuzanya, bigabanye icyuho kiri hagati yamakara, kandi bigerweho "gukora neza". Ibyuho bike birashobora kugabanya ubwinshi bwamazi yakoreshejwe, kandi biroroshye gukora amakara-y-amazi menshi. Iri koranabuhanga rimwe na rimwe ryitwa "gutanga amanota".

3. Gutwara ibikoresho n'ibikoresho

Ukurikije ibipimo byamakara mbisi biranga ubunini hamwe nuburyo bwo gusya, uburyo bwo gukora ingano yikwirakwizwa ryibicuruzwa byanyuma byamazi y’amakara bigera ku "gukora neza" bisaba guhitamo neza ibikoresho byo gusya hamwe nuburyo bwo gusya.

4. Guhitamo imikorere-ihuza inyongeramusaruro

Kugira ngo amakara y’amazi agere ku bwinshi, ubukonje buke, hamwe n’imvugo nziza kandi itajegajega, hagomba gukoreshwa umubare muto w’ibikoresho by’imiti, byitwa "inyongeramusaruro". Molekile yinyongera ikora kumurongo uri hagati yamakara n’amazi, bishobora kugabanya ubukonje, kunoza ikwirakwizwa ry’amakara mu mazi, no kunoza ituze ry’amazi y’amakara. Ingano yinyongera mubusanzwe ni 0.5% kugeza 1% byamakara. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwinyongera, kandi formula ntabwo ikosowe kandi igomba kugenwa mubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi.

Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-13-2025