Inzira ya Mannheim ya Potasiyumu Sulfate (K₂SO₄) Umusaruro

Uburyo bukuru bwo kubyaza umusaruro Potasiyumu Sulfate

Inzira ya Mannheim is inzira yinganda kubyara K2SO4,reaction yo kubora hagati ya 98% acide sulfurike na chloride ya potasiyumu mubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe na acide hydrochloric. Intambwe zihariye zirimo kuvanga potasiyumu chloride na aside sulfurike no kuyitwara ku bushyuhe bwinshi kugirango ikore potasiyumu sulfate na aside hydrochloric.

Crystallisationsgutandukanaitanga potasiyumu sulfate binyuze mu kotsa alkali nk'igishishwa cy'imbuto ya tung hamwe n'ivu ry'ibihingwa, hanyuma bigakurikirwakumeneka, kuyungurura, kwibanda, gutandukanya centrifugal no gukama kugirango ubone potasiyumu sulfate.

Igisubizo cyaPotasiyumu ChloridenaAcide ya sulfure ku bushyuhe bwihariye mubipimo byihariye nubundi buryo bwo kubona potasiyumu sulfate.Intambwe zihariye zirimo gushonga potasiyumu ya chloride mumazi ashyushye, ukongeramo aside sulfurike kugirango ubyitwayemo, hanyuma ugahita ukanda kuri 100-140 ° C, ugakurikirwa no gutandukana, kutabogama, no gukama kugirango ubyare potasiyumu sulfate.

Ibyiza bya Potifiyumu ya Mannheim

Mennheim inzira nuburyo bwibanze bwo gukora potasiyumu sulfate mumahanga. Uburyo bwizewe kandi buhanitse butanga potasiyumu sulfate yibanze hamwe n’amazi meza cyane. Umuti udakomeye wa acide ukwiranye nubutaka bwa alkaline.

Amahame yumusaruro

Uburyo bwo kubyitwaramo:

1.

2. Igisubizo kibaho mubyiciro bibiri:

i. Intambwe yambere ni exothermic kandi ibaho mubushyuhe buke.

ii. Intambwe ya kabiri ikubiyemo guhindura potasiyumu bisulfate kuri potasiyumu sulfate, ikaba ari endothermic.

Kugenzura Ubushyuhe:

1. Igisubizo kigomba kubaho ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 268 ° C, hamwe n’uburinganire bwiza ni 500-600 ° C kugirango habeho gukora neza nta aside irike ikabije yangirika.

2. Mu musaruro nyirizina, ubushyuhe bwa reaction busanzwe bugenzurwa hagati ya 510-530 ° C kugirango ituze kandi ikore neza.

Gukoresha Ubushyuhe:

1. Igisubizo ni endothermic cyane, bisaba gutanga ubushyuhe burigihe buturuka kumuriro wa gaze.

2. Hafi ya 44% yubushyuhe bwitanura butakara kurukuta, 40% bitwarwa na gaze ziva, naho 16% gusa ni zo zikoreshwa muburyo nyabwo.

Ibintu by'ingenzi bigize inzira ya Mannheim

Itanuradiameter nikintu gikomeye cyubushobozi bwo gukora. Amatanura manini kwisi yose afite diameter ya metero 6.Mugihe kimwe, sisitemu yizewe yo gutwara niyo garanti yo gukomeza kandi ihamye.Ibikoresho bivunika bigomba kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, acide zikomeye, kandi bigatanga ubushyuhe bwiza. Ibikoresho byuburyo bukangura bigomba kurwanya ubushyuhe, ruswa, no kwambara.

Hydrogen Chloride Ubwiza bwa Gaz:

1.Gukomeza icyuho gike mucyumba cyitwaramo byemeza ko imyuka ya gaze na flue bitagabanya chloride ya hydrogen.

2.Gufunga neza nibikorwa birashobora kugera kuri HCl ya 50% cyangwa irenga.

Ibikoresho byibanze:

1.Potasiyumu Chloride:Ugomba kuba wujuje ubushuhe bwihariye, ingano yingingo, hamwe na potasiyumu ya okiside ikenewe kugirango ikore neza.

2.Acide ya sulfure:Irasaba kwibanda kuri 99% kubwera no kwitwara neza.

Kugenzura Ubushyuhe:

1.Urugereko rwitwara (510-530 ° C):Iremeza neza.

2.Urugereko rwo gutwika:Kuringaniza gaze gasanzwe kugirango yaka neza.

3.Ubushyuhe bwa gazi umurizo:Kugenzurwa kugirango wirinde guhagarika imyuka no kwemeza kwinjiza gaze neza.

Gutunganya akazi

• Igisubizo:Potasiyumu chloride na aside sulfurike bikomeza kugaburirwa mubyumba byabigenewe. Potasiyumu sulfate yavuyemo irasohoka, ikonjeshwa, igenzurwa, kandi ikabangikanywa na okiside ya calcium mbere yo kuyipakira.
• Gukemura ibicuruzwa:
  • Gazi ya hydrogène chloride yubushyuhe bwo hejuru irakonjeshwa kandi igasukurwa hifashishijwe urukurikirane rwa scrubbers hamwe niminara yo kwinjiza kugirango bibyare aside hydrochloric yo mu rwego rwinganda (31-37% HCl).
  • Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bivurwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwibidukikije.

Inzitizi n'iterambere

1. Gutakaza Ubushyuhe:Ubushyuhe bukomeye butakara binyuze mu myuka ya gaze hamwe ninkuta zitanura, byerekana ko hakenewe uburyo bwiza bwo kugarura ubushyuhe.
2. Kwangirika kw'ibikoresho:Inzira ikora mubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe na acide, biganisha ku kwambara no kubungabunga ibibazo.
3. Hydrochloric Acide Ibicuruzwa Gukoresha:Isoko rya acide hydrochloric irashobora kuzura, bisaba ubushakashatsi muburyo bukoreshwa cyangwa uburyo bwo kugabanya umusaruro ukomoka ku bicuruzwa.

Mannheim potassium sulfate yumusaruro ikubiyemo ubwoko bubiri bwimyuka ihumanya ikirere: imyuka yaka ituruka kuri gaze karemano hamwe na gaze ya hydrogène chloride.

Umuriro wo gutwika:

Ubushyuhe bwumuriro ugurumana muri rusange ni 450 ° C. Ubu bushyuhe bwimurwa binyuze muri recuperator mbere yo gusohoka. Nyamara, na nyuma yo guhanahana ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwa gaze ya gaze ikomeza kuba hafi 160 ° C, kandi ubu bushyuhe busigaye busohoka mu kirere.

Byproduct Hydrogen Chloride Gaz:

Gazi ya hydrogène ya chloride ikorerwa mu munara wo gukaraba aside ya sulfurike, kwinjizwa mu cyuma gifata firime, no kwezwa mu munara woza gaze ya gaze mbere yo gusohoka. Ubu buryo butanga aside hydrochloric 31%, muri hejurukwibanda bishobora gutera imyuka ihumanya ikirerentabwo kugeza kuriibipimo no gutera "umurizo gukurura" ibintu mumuriro.Kubwibyo, igihe nyacyoaside hydrochloric gupima kwibanda ihinduka ingenzi mu musaruro.

Ingamba zikurikira zirashobora gufatwa kugirango ingaruka nziza:

Mugabanye Kwibanda kuri Acide: Gabanya aside yibanze mugihe cyo kwinjirirahamwe nauburebure bwa metero yo gukurikirana neza.

Ongera Umubare w'amazi azenguruka: Kongera umuvuduko w'amazi mumashanyarazi agwa kugirango utezimbere neza.

Mugabanye Umutwaro ku Munara wo Gusukura Gazi: Hindura ibikorwa kugirango ugabanye umutwaro kuri sisitemu yo kweza.

Binyuze muri ibyo byahinduwe no gukora neza mugihe, umurizo wo gukurura umurizo urashobora kuvaho, ukemeza ko ibyuka bihumanya byujuje ubuziranenge.