Flotationmu nyungu
Flotation yerekana agaciro k'amabuye y'agaciro mu gutandukanya ubuhanga butandukanya amabuye y'agaciro n'amabuye y'agaciro ya gangue mu gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro binyuze mu itandukaniro ry'umubiri na shimi. Haba guhangana nubutare butagira amabara, ibyuma bya fer, cyangwa amabuye y'agaciro adafite ubutare, flotation igira uruhare runini mugutanga ibikoresho byiza byujuje ubuziranenge.
1. Uburyo bwa Flotation
(1) Flotation itaziguye
Flotation itaziguye bivuga gushungura amabuye y'agaciro avuye mu kayunguruzo abemerera gukomera ku kirere no kureremba hejuru, mu gihe amabuye y'agaciro ya gangue aguma mu kantu. Ubu buryo ni ingenzi mu nyungu z'ibyuma bidafite amabara. Kurugero, gutunganya amabuye biza kurwego rwa flotation nyuma yo gukandamizwa no gusya mugutunganya amabuye y'umuringa, aho hashyirwaho abaterankunga ba anionic kugirango bahindure hydrophobicity hanyuma babirekere kuri adsorb hejuru yubutare bwumuringa. Hanyuma hydrophobique yumuringa ibice bifata ikirere kandi ikazamuka, ikora urwego rwumuringa urimo umuringa ukungahaye. Uru rubuto rwegeranijwe muburyo bwibanze bwamabuye yumuringa, akora nkibikoresho byo murwego rwohejuru kugirango arusheho kunonosorwa.
(2) Guhindura Flotation
Guhindura flotation bikubiyemo kureremba amabuye y'agaciro mugihe amabuye y'agaciro aguma mu gihirahiro. Kurugero, mugutunganya ubutare bwibyuma hamwe na quartz yanduye, abaterankunga ba anionic cyangwa cationic bakoreshwa muguhindura ibidukikije bya shimi. Ibi bihindura hydrophilique ya quartz kuri hydrophobique, ikayihambira kumyuka ihumeka kandi ikareremba.
(3) Icyifuzo cya Flotation
Iyo amabuye arimo ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi byingenzi, flotation ikunda kubitandukanya bikurikiranye kubintu nkibikorwa byamabuye y'agaciro nagaciro k'ubukungu. Iyi ntambwe-ku-ntambwe ya flotation ituma buri minerval yagaciro igarurwa hamwe nubuziranenge bwinshi nigipimo cyo kugarura, gukoresha umutungo cyane.
(4) Igice kinini
Ubwinshi bwa flotation buvura amabuye y'agaciro menshi muri rusange, akayareremba hamwe kugirango abone ibintu bivanze, hanyuma bigakurikiraho gutandukana. Kurugero, mugutanga amabuye y'umuringa-nikel, aho amabuye y'agaciro y'umuringa na nikel afitanye isano rya bugufi, flotation nyinshi ikoresheje reagent nka xanthates cyangwa thiols ituma icyarimwe icyarimwe cya sulfide y'umuringa hamwe namabuye ya nikel, bigakora intumbero ivanze. Ibikorwa bigoye gutandukana, nko gukoresha lime na cyanide reagent, gutandukanya umuringa-mwinshi cyane hamwe na nikel. Ubu buryo "gukusanya-mbere, gutandukana-nyuma" bigabanya igihombo cyamabuye y'agaciro mubyiciro byambere kandi bizamura cyane igipimo cyo gukira muri rusange amabuye y'agaciro.
2. Inzira ya Flotation: Intambwe ku yindi Intambwe
(1) Inzira yo Kwerekana Icyiciro: Kunonosorwa Kwiyongera
Muri flotation, icyiciro cya flotation kiyobora gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro bigoye kugabanya inzira ya flotation mubice byinshi.
Kurugero, muburyo bubiri bwo guhinduranya flotation, ubutare burimo gusya bikabije, kubohora igice cyamabuye y'agaciro. Icyiciro cya mbere cya flotation gisubiza amabuye y'agaciro yabohowe nkibibanza byibanze. Ibice bisigaye bidafite aho bihuriye bikomeza icyiciro cya kabiri cyo gusya kugirango bigabanuke ubunini, bikurikirwa nicyiciro cya kabiri. Ibi byemeza ko amabuye y'agaciro asigaye yatandukanijwe neza kandi agahuzwa nicyiciro cya mbere. Ubu buryo burinda gukabya mu cyiciro cyambere, kugabanya imyanda yumutungo, no kunoza neza flotation.
Kumabuye aremereye cyane, nkayarimo ibyuma byinshi bidasanzwe bifite ibyuma bifatanye cyane bya kristu, inzira yo guhinduranya ibyiciro bitatu irashobora gukoreshwa. Ubundi buryo bwo gusya hamwe na flotation intambwe zituma hasuzumwa neza kandi ukemeza ko amabuye y'agaciro yose yakuwe hamwe nubuziranenge ntarengwa no kugarura ibintu, bigashyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rwo kurushaho gutunganya.
3. Ibintu by'ingenzi muri Flotation
(1) pH Agaciro: Impirimbanyi Yoroheje ya Acide Slurry
Agaciro pH ka slurry gafite uruhare runini muguhindagurika, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yubutaka bwimikorere no mubikorwa bya reagent. Iyo pH iri hejuru ya minerval ya isoelectric point, ubuso burahinduka nabi; munsi yacyo, ubuso bwarashizwemo neza. Izi mpinduka muburyo bwo hejuru zitegeka imikoranire ya adsorption hagati yamabuye y'agaciro na reagent, cyane nko gukurura cyangwa kwanga magnesi.
Kurugero, mugihe cya acide, imyunyu ngugu ya sulfide yunguka ibikorwa byogukusanya imbaraga, bigatuma byoroha gufata minerval sulfide. Ibinyuranye, imiterere ya alkaline yorohereza guhinduranya imyunyu ngugu ya okiside ihindura imiterere yabyo kugirango yongere imbaraga za reagent.
Amabuye y'agaciro atandukanye asaba urwego pH rwihariye rwa flotation, bisaba kugenzura neza. Kurugero, muri flotation ya quartz hamwe na calcite ivanze, quartz irashobora kureremba muburyo bwiza muguhindura pH kuri 2-3 hanyuma ugakoresha amine ashingiye kuri amine. Ibinyuranye, calcite flotation itoneshwa mubihe bya alkaline hamwe na aside irike ikusanya. Ihinduka rya pH ryuzuye ni urufunguzo rwo kugera ku gutandukanya amabuye y'agaciro neza.
(2) Ubutegetsi bwa reagent
Ubutegetsi bwa reagent bugenga inzira ya flotation, ikubiyemo guhitamo, dosiye, gutegura, no kongeramo reagent. Reagents ihitamo adsorb hejuru yubutaka bwa minerval, ihindura hydrophobicity.
Abavandimwe bahagarika ibibyimba byinshi kandi byorohereza flotation ya hydrophobique. Abavandimwe basanzwe barimo amavuta ya pinusi namavuta ya cresol, bigizwe nibituba bihamye, binini cyane kugirango bifatanye.
Abahindura bakora cyangwa bakabuza imiterere yubutaka kandi bagahindura imiterere yimiti cyangwa amashanyarazi ya slurry.
Igipimo cya reagent gisaba neza - umubare udahagije ugabanya hydrophobicity, kugabanya igipimo cyo gukira, mugihe imyanda ikabije yimyanda, kongera ibiciro, no gutesha agaciro ubuziranenge. Ibikoresho byubwenge nkametero yibanze kumurongoIrashobora kumenya kugenzura neza ibipimo bya reagent.
Igihe nuburyo bwo kongera reagent nabyo birakomeye. Adjusters, depressants, hamwe nabaterankunga bamwe bongerwaho mugihe cyo gusya kugirango bategure ibidukikije bya shimi hakiri kare. Abakusanya hamwe na frother mubisanzwe byongewe mumatara ya mbere ya flotation kugirango barusheho gukora neza mugihe gikomeye.
(3) Igipimo cyo Kuringaniza
Igipimo cya Aeration gitanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza minerval-bubble, bigatuma iba ikintu cyingenzi muri flotation. Aeration idahagije itera ibisubizo bike cyane, kugabanya kugongana n'amahirwe yo kugerekaho, bityo bikabangamira imikorere ya flotation. Kurenza urugero biganisha ku guhungabana gukabije, bigatera ibibyimba kumeneka no gutandukanya ibice bifatanye, bigabanya imikorere.
Ba injeniyeri bakoresha uburyo nko gukusanya gaze cyangwa gupima anemometero ishingiye ku kirere kugirango bapime neza. Kubice bito, kongera imbaraga kugirango bibyare byinshi binini bitezimbere flotation. Kubintu byiza cyangwa byoroshye kureremba, guhinduka witonze byemeza neza kandi neza.
(4) Igihe cyo guhaguruka
Igihe cya Flotation nuburinganire bworoshye hagati yibyiciro byibanze hamwe nigipimo cyo gukira, bisaba kalibrasi neza. Mubyiciro byambere, amabuye y'agaciro yihuta yihuta cyane, biganisha ku kigero cyo hejuru cyo gukira no kwibanda ku manota.
Igihe kirenze, nkuko amabuye y'agaciro areremba hejuru, amabuye y'agaciro ya gangue nayo arashobora kuzamuka, bigabanya ubuziranenge bwibintu. Kumabuye yoroshye hamwe namabuye y'agaciro yoroheje kandi areremba byoroshye, igihe gito cyo guhindagurika kirahagije, bigatuma igipimo cyinshi cyo gukira kidatanze amanota yibanze. Kubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro cyangwa yangiritse, igihe kirekire cyo guhindagurika kirakenewe kugirango minerval-minerval nziza ihagije igihe cyo gukorana na reagent na bubbles. Guhindura uburyo bwigihe cyo guhindagurika nikintu kiranga tekinoroji ya tekinoroji kandi ikora neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-22-2025
